Ukraine Blog 35 - The Potato Factor

Dear friends, family and colleagues,

The HIMARS have a arrived and the Ukrainians did not wait a second more to put them into action. The Russian Telegram channels I follow are absolutely going berserk with reports of a large amount of high precision tactical strikes all across the Donbass region that Russia occupied since 2014. The amount of updates was so big that I had to mute them on my phone. The HIMARS truly is a superweapon. The Russians don’t have anything that even comes close to it in terms of capabilities.

The Ukrainians are hitting exactly hitting the targets that I expected them to strike. Ammunition depots, vehicle motor pools and Command & Control sites (C2). Around Izium, the HIMARS rockets took out an entire regional C2 unit. Around Izium Russian troops have been stuck for weeks. This won’t help them.

(5) 🇺🇦 Ukraine Weapons Tracker on Twitter: "#Ukraine: A Ukrainian precision strike (likely to be HIMARS) hit an Russian 20th CAA base at a former school in #Izium, around June 24th. Russian sources claim it was a hospital, but we can observe some interesting military vehicles. https://t.co/R6lzrODS5k" / Twitter

But by far the biggest impacts are the hits on ammunition depots. Some depots are still burning and experiencing secondary explosions two days after being hit with the HIMARS systems. Below footage is from Snizhne deep in Russian occupied Donbass (and indeed the place where MH-17 was shot down)

(5) Tolomeo 🇪🇸 🇺🇦 on Twitter: "In the occupied Snizhne region of #Donetsk, #Ukraine, the warehouse with ammunition was destroyed. https://t.co/2jmb4J059i" / Twitter

Although Russia is by far not running out of ammunition, they have great difficulties getting it to the frontlines. Most of the stockpiles in the Western Military district have been exhausted, so in order to replenish their ammo stockpiles, they now have to get ammunition from the Eastern Military district from the far east… or do they?

The thing is that Putin tries to extract something beneficial from the only foreign leader he actually can get something from, the Belarussian president Alexander Lukashenko. The crazy president of a country famous for its potatoes and tractors. Putin saved his regime in 2020 from large popular protests, but he made Lukashenko to sign a contract in blood where Putin specifically mentioned that some day Lukashenko had to return the favor. There are multiple reasons why he’s not doing that, but before we dive into that, let’s talk a little bit about Belarus’s intriguing dictator.

Because we talked about him before, but we really should give Belarus more attention: what’s going on there is as important as the war in Ukraine. During the time of the Soviet-Union, he served as directors of various Soviet state (Sovkhoz) and collective (Kolkhoz) farms. In those farms the director was usually responsible for ensuring that those farms reached the targets the Soviet Communist Party has set for them. This makes hem the ultimate role model for Soviet and post-Soviet Siloviki elite. In the early nineties, he was appointed as the chairman of the anti-corruption committee. This made him genuinely popular and as a result he won the only democratic elections the Republic of Belarus has ever known.

Under the Belarus of Lukashenko he made a silent contract with his people. He could be the dictator in exchange for providing the people with sufficient prosperity and development. To achieve the latter he did the following two things

1.       He re-nationalized 80 percent of the economy which largely evolves around big Soviet-style state factories like those for tractors (Minski Autamabilny Zavod (MAZ) and Minski Traktarny Zavod (MTZ)), fertilizer (Belaruskali and Grodno Azot) and Steel and petro-chemical industry (Byelorussian Steel Works and Mozyr/Naftan oil refineries).

2.       He made deals with Russia as far back on the Boris Yeltsin government, where he could import and transit Russian gas against sharply reduced tariffs in exchange for Russian influence.

As a result the Belarus from Lukashenko looks quite different from the Eastern Europe that most people have in their mind. Buildings are nicely renovated and painted. Roads are in excellent condition and the country is very clean. I don’t believe that Lukashenko was genuinely supported by more than 45 percent of the people at the height of his popularity, but a lot of Belarussians tolerated him as long as he could provide a good living standard.

This all started to change in 2020. Lukashenko as a typical Soviet boomer, denied the existence of Covid 19. It was during Covid that Lukashenko showed what he’s best at: making ridiculous statements like that you can cure covid by drinking vodka, eating butter or driving a tractor (Lukashenko has a deep love for tractors). Other statements in his repertoire from long before: “It’s better to be a dictator than to be gay” and “if someone is a lesbian, it’s a man’s fault.” The denial of covid in itself was not the main reason for the challenge to his rule that appeared, but helped quite a bit. The main challenge was that the usually divided Belarussian opposition for the first time managed to put forward one single candidate. I can write a book about the events of 2020, but fast forward, the only reason Lukashenko is still in power, is thanks to Putin.

Although Russia and Belarus are often portrayed as closest allies, the relationship between Putin and Lukashenko has been very rocky to say the least. In more than twenty years, Russia and Belarus had multiple gas wars where Russia closed off gas to Belarus. Russia really doesn’t like that Lukashenko can benefit domestically from cheap gas tariffs. Putin and Lukashenko also don’t like each other on a personal level. This went so far that Russian state television once aired a series of deeply anti-Lukashenko documentaries, called “Godbatka.” Part one can still be seen here:

Godbatka. part1 Крестный Батька - YouTube

The title is a mixture of “Godfather” and “Batka (Daddy).” It’s a misconception that Batka is Lukashenko’s nickname in Belarus. Russians like to call hem that way. Belarussians call him “Luka.” With crushing the opposition in Belarus, Putin finally had an opportunity to bring Lukashenko in line, or at least… he thought.

Since the fall of the Soviet-Union, Russia has desperately been trying to bring together a military alliance to counter NATO. This alliance is called the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO). Since the start of the war it has become clear that either the members are not capable or willing to support Putin. Let’s talk about them one by one

-          Kazakhstan: the most fierce opponent of Putin. Openly defies Putin and is blockading Russian energy supplies

-          Armenia: Has no land border with Russia and needs all weapons itself to defend against Azerbaijan.

-          Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: Are completely cut off from Russia by Kazakhstan. Their armies are very small. Interesting both armies fought two very large border clashes with each other in the past 1,5 years.

This leaves Belarus as the only CSTO member where Putin actually can get something from. The thing that Putin wants most from Belarus, is the Belarussian army to join the Russian army in their invasion of Ukraine. However, it has become clear that Belarussian soldiers will not fight the Ukrainians. Many are very sympathetic to the Ukrainian cause and according to multiple reports, Belarussian mothers instructed their sons to join the Ukrainian army as soon as they set foot on Ukrainian soil.

So no manpower, but there’s something else that Lukashenko can give to pay off his debt to Putin. Like Ukraine, Belarus inherited a huge stockpile of ammunition (1,5 million tons) and arms from the Red army after the Red army withdrew from the former Warsaw Pact countries.

It’s now reported by Belarussian railway workers (who have worked tremendously hard to obstruct the Russians in Belarus) that Belarussian army is emptying those huge ammunition stockpiles and is sending them to Russia.

(5) Jay in Kyiv on Twitter: "Railway workers in Belarus reporting that ammunition depots in the country are being emptied and sent into Russia. The amounts are so great that all railway workers are being forced to assist in loading. https://t.co/qFUAKLmR1x" / Twitter

This in my opinion shares two purposes:

1.       Russia is not critically low on ammunition, but this ammunition is located far closer to the frontline than the stockpiles in the far east. Besides the ammunition, I also expect Belarussian army T-72 tanks and planes to be send to Russia. Those tanks are in quite good shape and Russian planes are now falling from the sky outside of battlefield areas due to a lack of spare parts and maintenance personnel.

(5) Antti Eskelinen on Twitter: "#Russia has lost Il-76, and 2xSu-25 in one week outside of war area. Looks that they are running out spare parts and mechanics. Most likely they have all been sent to war against #Ukraine. #Turpo #Säkpol" / Twitter

2.       The rumors that the Belarussian army is finally so fed up with Lukashenko are becoming stronger. A coup looks increasingly more likely. Once Lukashenko is deposed, Putin has no other option than to intervene in Belarus. Rest assured that the Belarussian army will as fight as hard as the Ukrainians in fighting the Russians when it comes that far. By emptying Belarus of ammunition, Putin is making sure that the Belarussian army will not be able to conduct large scale defense.

The ammunition deal would be a good deal for Putin for these reasons. On the short term it will be a good deal for Lukashenko, because he can literally buy off the commitment of his soldiers. But I expect the resistance within the Belarussian military to only increase.

A lot of people where very nervous about a late night visit of Putin to the Kremlin last night. Quite some analysts think that Putin is planning military action against Lithuania to punish Lithuania for the blockade of the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad.

(5) Casus Belli 🛰 on Twitter: "🇷🇺🚨| The procession with Vladimir Putin arrived at the Kremlin at 23:00 this evening, an unusual phenomenon. Usually these night visits happen in important cases. Discussions or measures could take place soon after Lukashenko's statements about Lithuania. https://t.co/o5C12djweP" / Twitter

I don’t think Lithuania has to do with this. Russia absolutely can’t fight a war against Lithuania right now. I think it had more to on how to makes sure that Lukashenko pays off his debt. There has been intense back and forth traffic between senior Belarussian and Russian officials. Putin still tries to provoke Ukraine by sending missiles to Ukraine from Belarus. He hopes Ukraine will fire back into Belarus and as such will trigger a response from the Belarussian military.

Russia seems to have lost all capability in actually hitting meaningful targets. Last night they fired cruise missiles in Kyiv again and the only targets that were hit, were civilian targets. It’s a clear sign Russia is losing militarily and the thing that Russian usually does at that stage is blindly hitting civilian targets.

I have a feeling we are closely approaching the battle for freedom not only in Ukraine, but also Belarus. A battle that’s equally important.

Слава Україні! Жыве Беларусь! (this quote is banned by Lukashenko’s regime)

Niels

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