Ukraine Blog 30 - Popasna Popped and the Melitopol Mess

Dear friends, family and colleagues,

I received a lot of questions on where we are currently with the war. All eyes are currently on the last part of Luhansk oblast not occupied by the Russians, Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk. Truth is that it doesn’t look good for Ukraine there. Not that the situation changed to any point that it will lead to a Russian victory in the war, but be prepared for my most negative update since this all started.

Ever since the Russians withdrews from Chernihiv, Sumy and Kyiv oblasts, the focus has been on the development of a “cauldron” where the Russian army would encircle Ukraine’s Joint group of Forces. The encirclement would start from Izium in the north and Huliaipole in the south. Due to a ferocious Ukrainian counteroffensive in Kharkiv oblast and relentless Ukrainian artillery strikes in Izium, the Russians have now abandoned this plan. They now further downscaled their objective by encircling only Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk.

The Russian breakthrough happened a couple of days ago when Russia captured the small town of Popasna which was heavily contested for weeks. Something really interesting has happened here. Due to their insane battlefield losses, the Russians have been forcing to consolidate the remnants of several of their Battalion Tactical Groups (BTG’s) in new BTG’s. This is something even the Russians still understand, despite their overall stupidity and incompetence: You have to organize your fighting force in viable fighting units at all times. You just can’t gather a bunch of people and expect them to fight an offensive operation. This might work in defensive war, but for offensive operations you need an organized unit structure. The Russians consolidated remnants of their airborne troops (VDV) into the units of the Wagner mercenary group. Apparently this worked out pretty well for them.

In addition the Russians finally deployed one of their supposed state of the art new weapons systems: the BMPT Terminator.

BMPT Terminator - Wikipedia

(2) Prateek🎧 on Twitter: "🇷🇺🇺🇦 A column of BMPT "Terminator" in the Kamyshevakhi region is going to those who do not want to surrender. https://t.co/H22iZmJJRH" / Twitter

This vehicle is designed as a “tank support vehicle.” It doesn’t have the turret with autoloader system (that causes the famous flying Russian turrets), but has a small turret with four 130 mm Ataka-T GWS launchers and two 30 mm high intensity 2A42 autocannons and some additional grenade launchers. This is the perfect weapon for urban warfare and I’m convinced that when this weapon is operated by a trained and skilled group of soldiers (which is always a big question mark when it comes to Russians), its effect can be devastating.

After the Russians captured Popasna, they immediately started to advance north and west and for the first time the Russians started to fight how I expected them to fight: very concentrated advances with armor supported by a very high rate of concentrated artillery strikes. This is actually the type of advance the Russian army trains for in their heavily choreographed drills and I expected them to be quite good at this.

I do expect the Russians to fully encircle Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk. However, that will mean only the start of their problems. Both cities have been heavily fortified over the past eight years. Urban combat will be as bad as in Mariupol and will further drain the Russian forces who are now down to the last reserves. I expect Ukraine to continue to be able to deliver artillery support, even when Sievierodonetsk and Lysychansk are encircled. But it’s fair to say that never before since the start of the invasion on February 24th, the Ukrainians have been under this kind of pressure. Russian casualties during the Popasna advance were still insanely high, but the Ukrainian losses were also big. On the famous blog of Oryxspioenkop, Ukrainian and Russian loss tallies are almost equal now.

Both Ukraine and Russia have also initiated “harassment” warfare. It means they both start operations in different theaters other than the main front to force the attacking party to allocate resources to mitigate potential threats elsewhere.

The Ukrainians crossed the Siverskyi Donets river in Kharkiv oblast (they actually can cross rivers without being blown to pieces) and have now a stable bridgehead on the other side of the river, putting the Russian supply lines to Izium under fire control. Ukrainian American supplied M-777 howitzers have been causing havoc on the Russians around Izium in the past couple of days.

The Russians on the other hand launched small cross-border raids in Sumy oblast. They by far haven’t sufficient forces to occupy land there, but even those small scale attacks force Ukraine to allocate much needed resources there. In addition, the Belarussian army is maneuvering aggressively on the northern border with the same purpose. Luka will never attack, but just the threat of an invasion forces Ukraine to keep forces there. Difference here is that Ukraine has plenty of motivated personal, now close to a million and the Russians are struggling so much that they now even recruit men in their forty’s and fifties.

So will Russia win the war with the Popasna victory? No, far from it. One of the biggest the surprises of the past week has been the re-appearance of the Ukrainian air force over the battlefields providing large amounts of much needed Close-Air-Support (CAS) missions to the troops. It means that Ukraine has re-gained air superiority on the battlefield.

(2) IgorGirkin on Twitter: "🇺🇦✈ https://t.co/SpteYMtzp8" / Twitter

(2) IgorGirkin on Twitter: "🇺🇦✈ https://t.co/fYLPRzTCox" / Twitter

It’s assumed now that the presence of British Starstreak and French Mistral MANPADS’s has caused such a high risk to Russian aircraft, that Russian pilots not even dare to cross the border any more and only still operate manned aircraft above the areas of Luhansk and Donetsk oblasts they controlled before February 24th. This is a major problem for the Russians. Not only is it a morale boost for Ukrainian troops on the ground, it will make it very hard for the Russians to gain battlefield control. Let me emphasize this. Ukraine is now down to a couple of dozen operational aircraft and it’s fighting the worlds third largest air force: an absolute embarrassment for the Russians.

Trouble is also appearing for the Russians in the areas that are under their occupation. In Melitopol and Kherson there are now large scale sabotage actions, assassinations of collaborators and Russians.

(2) Delangeleo🔱🇺🇦 on Twitter: "Draadje: Erg onrustige nacht geweest in #kherson overal in de stad is geweer vuur gehoord en in het Dniprovskyi district bij de markt zijn ook machinegeweren en vuurgevechten gehoord, dit alles met artillerie op de achtergrond. #ukraine #oekraine #nos" / Twitter

(2) lnOrOut on Twitter: "Guerrillas blow up a Russian armoured train in captured Melitopol - media https://t.co/uLjr0WZCUm via @YahooNews" / Twitter

Especially around Melitopol, the emergence of an insurgency can be in large attributed to the Azov battalion that stood their ground in Azovstal in Mariupol. Although they have now surrendered, their resistance forces the Russians to allocate much needed resources in Mariupol and made sure they were pinned down for months. This gave Ukrainians in other occupied areas the time to organize a structured and well organized type of resistance. Russia is now in the worst nightmare of any invading force: fighting a conventional battle on front lines, while fighting an insurgency in the rear areas you conquered. And an insurgency around Melitopol is absolutely needed to thin out the Russians that are facing the Ukrainians further north in Huliaipole. An Ukrainian counterattack a couple of days ago was defeated decisively by Russian artillery fire. Not because the Ukrainian tactics were bad, but Huliaipole is in an area that covers a large part of Ukraine that consists of wide open plains with very little options for cover and hiding. That’s why the war is currently in a stalemate there. Any advance will be costly for both sides.

(2) Franklin_QZ on Twitter: "Last night, #Ukrainian Army launched a counter attack near Huliaipole, Zaporizhzhia Oblast. Ka-52 attack helicopters of #RussianAirForce together with artillery units of the #Russian Army confronted them and destroyed 26 of the Ukrainian tanks including ex-Polish T-72M1s. 🇺🇦🇷🇺 https://t.co/I2OqXUMHLO" / Twitter

But I expect the insurgency in the south to grow stronger by the day. This type of warfare will drain the morale of Russian soldiers faster than on a conventional battlefield. On a conventional battlefield you see who’s your opponent. In an insurgency, anyone can be your opponent, even the little kid of eight years old that can suddenly throw a hand grenade. That’s why they shouldn’t have continued the advance from Popasna. Instead they should have focused on consolidating the territory they already conquered and call it a day. But what drives the Russians right now has long been a mystery for me.

Доброго вечора, ми з України!

Niels

 

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